ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as chronic liver disease of unknown aetiology with aberrant auto-reactivity and genetic predisposition, characterized by female predominance, circulating auto-antibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia and association with HLA DR3 and HLA DR4. We present two patients with autoimmune hepatitis. The first patient is a young lady who was diagnosed with autoimmune chronic hepatitis. The second patient, on the other hand, is an elderly gentleman who presented to us with autoimmune hepatitis related decompensated cirrhosis of liver.
ABSTRACT
Electroencephalographic studies were undertaken in goats to correlate with normal behavioral states and physiological conditions. Duplicate EEG records from 4 adult female goats (8–12 months, 10±2 kg body wt), using bipolar scalp electrodes placed in occipital region, were obtained to evaluate electrical responses of brain during different postures and states of alertness. EEG recordings were obtained under comfortable conditions and after adequate training of animals. EEG frequency (Hz) during lying down posture was significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to standing posture (32.63±1.34 Vs 38.63±1.03), the individual values ranging between 29 to 42 Hz. EEG amplitudes however varied non significantly between two states with respective values of 5.75±0.25 and 6.11±0.26 μV. During light and deep drowsiness, the frequencies recorded were 21.63±0.94 and 13.00±0.68 Hz, whereas amplitudes were 12.45±0.55 and 19.96±0.68 μV, respectively and the differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). Mean EEG frequencies of the order of 7.13±1.14 and 3.25±0.49 Hz and amplitudes of 16.59±2.55 and 19.86±3.19 μV were recorded during light and deep sleep, respectively. General trend indicated that frequency decreased and amplitudes increased with onset of drowsiness and these changes were proportional to the state of consciousness.